Week 2

Ideation Process

For the Ideation Process, we were tasked to think of as many items that fall into the categories as follows: 

• Items that make us happy or invoke joy
• Items that are or remind us of something annoying
• An item that we or friends and family would find useful.

After some quick brainstorming, we have come up with the following items and grouped them:

Classification	Items
Household	1.     Tables that can self-adjust their leg length to stay level on an uneven surface 2.     Anti-bacterial wipes that don’t include alcohol or bleach 3.     Chairs that are easy to push or pull without using wheels
Energy Sources	1.   Phone battery that can withstand long days 2.   Create a vehicle with using renewable energy that can replace non-renewable energy such as fossil fuel
School Supplies	1.   Self-cleaning whiteboard 2.   Bag that keeps itself light
Clothing	1.  Colour-changing shirts 2.  Jacket that can warm or cool our body temperature

We were also tasked to think of a potential problem that we would like to solve or explore further. Coming up with a problem statement could help us think of an item that we would like to design and apply chemical engineering principles with. After more thinking and discussion, our group has come up with the problem statement:

How might we be able to make better use of discarded parts of produce and waste produce?

It is a commonly known fact that plants are the most prevalent way we can make use of energy that we get from the sun. Fruits and vegetables are grown, for the most part, in large fields or greenhouses where they harness energy from the sunlight, and it would be a waste to let the energy that they have obtained just rot in a landfill. Hence, we would like to come up with a product that can allow us to make better use of this energy.

Literature Review

A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in the given subject or chosen topic area. It also adds to our own understanding of our research.

Why do literature review?

We do a literature review to:

•   See what has not been investigated
•   Identify data sources that other researchers have used 
•   Learn how others have defined and measured key concepts 
•   Develop alternative research projects  
•   Contribute to the field by moving research forward, to see what has come before, what did not      work for other researchers 
•   Demonstrate understanding  
•   Provide evidence to support our own findings

What constitutes a good literature review?

A good review does not just summarize the literature but also discusses it critically, identifies problems, and points out research gaps.

Here are some points for a good literature review:

• Define a topic and audience
• Search and re-search the literature
• Take notes while reading
• Choose the type of review that you want to write
• Keep the review focused, but make it of broad interest
• Be critical and consistent
• Find a logical structure
• Make use of feedback
• Include your own relevant research, but be objective
• Be up to date, but not forgetting older studies   

What are some available resources used to assist us in writing our literature review?

• Books
• Internet
• Peer-reviewed Journal
• Educational video databases
• Past year FYP reports
  
• Subject-matter experts

6. Literature Review

No.	Resource Type Peer-reviewed journals, Internet search engines, books, etc.	Title Article title, book title, etc.	Author(s)	Methodology Experimental, non-experimental, survey, interview, qualitative, etc.	Currency of Research State the year of publication	Main Research Question(s)	Major Finding(s)	Similarity State any similarity in major findings observed among resources	Identified Research Gap (if applicable)
1	Peer-reviewed journal	A chemical milling process to produce water-based inkjet printing ink from waste tire carbon blacks	I-Feng Wu,  Ying-Chih Liao	Qualitative	2021	How to make use of waste product	Make use of waste products such as waste tire, waste cooking oil, waste glass, waste rubber and so on.	Produce a new item by using one or above waste products	NIL
2	Peer-reviewed journal	Inherent roadmap of conversion of plastic waste into energy and its life cycle assessment: A frontrunner compendium	Bhasha Sharma, Yagyadatta Goswami, Shreya Sharma, Shashank Shekhar	Survey	2021	Make use of waste products to create energy	A lot of waste product can be converted to energy such as electric energy, bioenergy	Use waste product to create energy	NIL
3	Peer-reviewed journal	Design and development of single screw conveying machine for pyrolysis of waste plastics using nano zeolite particles in fixed bed reactor	Sundarraj Moorthi, Meikandan Megaraj	Experimental	2021	Produce a machine that can use waste products to create energy	Some waste product can be made use to produce energy resources	Waste to energy management and innovation	NIL
4	Book	Materials experience : Fundamentals of materials and design	Elvin Karana, Owain Pedgley, Valentina Rognoli	Non-experimental	2014	Design a machine by using waste product	Production Management	Design for environmental sustainability	NIL